Fig. 6. Scatter functions derived from discrete fast Fourier transform (DFFT) of measured waveforms obtained using a three-wire time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe (3-cm) in saturated sand with _w = 12 and 24 dS m^–1. Lines represent Clarkson (1977)–Debye (1929) modeled scatter functions fit (SFF) to S₁₁ data obtained in the time domain. Static permittivities (_s) determined for 12 and 24 dS m^–1 were 28 and 29, respectively compared with a TTA measured dielectric of 29 under non-saline conditions.