Fig. 1. (a) Comparison of measured and finite element (FEM) simulated value of with the commonly used Milling-Quirk models. Data sources: Karimi et al. (1987); Jin and Jury (1996); Bruckler et al. (1989); Xu et al. (1992); and Moldrup et al. (2003, 2004). FEM results are marked by + (inlet at the left boundary) and x (inlet at the right boundary). (b) Enlarged area within gray lines of (a).