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Figure 2


Fig. 2. Neumann plot ({gamma}LVcos{theta}E vs. {gamma}LV, where {gamma}LV is the liquid–vapor surface tension and {theta}E is the experimentally derived contact angle). Filled and open points are {theta}E measured by means of the Wilhelmy plate method (WPM) and the weight-gain capillary rise method (CRM), respectively. The logistic curves (Eq. [21]) were calculated from the combined data of WPM and CRM. The leftmost point in each graph represents the assumed data {theta}E = 0 for pure ethanol. OR = orange orchard cover soil; PN = pine cover soil; EP = eucalyptus cover soil; LCh and PCh = organic matter extracted from leonardite and sphagnum moss, respectively, with chloroform; and LEt and PEt = organic matter extracted from leonardite and sphagnum moss, respectively, with ethanol.