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Hydraulic Gradients During Infiltration in Soils¹

ABSTRACT

A technique for direct measurement of hydraulic head in rapidly changing systems was applied to the infiltration of water into artificially packed columns of dry soil including three California soils and a sample of silica flour. Results indicate that the transmitting zone in each soil was a region of relatively uniform hydraulic gradient which was greater than unity but decreased with time and might approach unity as a limit. At corresponding stages of infiltration, the magnitudes of the gradients in the transmitting zones differed for the various materials.

¹ Contribution from the Division of Soils, College of Agriculture, Berkeley, Calif. Received for publication September 20, 1951.

² Assistant Soil Physicist, University of California, Berkeley, Calif., and Lecturer, School of Forestry, Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, respectively.