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The Identification of Clay Minerals in Some Ontario Soils: 1. Parent Materials¹

ABSTRACT

The colloidal fractions, one micron and less, from the parent materials of nine Ontario soils were examined by the differential thermal method and by chemical analyses. An attempt was made to characterize these fractions in terms of their clay mineral composition by comparing them with reference clay minerals.

The thermal curves suggest that the colloids from the following soil series: Lockport, Haldimand, Caistor, Perth, Peel, Osprey and Guelph, were dominated by an illite-like clay mineral. Chemical analyses revealed these colloids to have a high content of K₂O and an exchange capacity greater than that normally associated with an illite. The Lockport colloid was established as a particular illite and the other soil colloids characterized in terms of the Lockport plus low concentrations of montmorillonite to account for the exchange capacity.

The colloids from a, Northern Ontario soil and the Rideau did not fit into the pattern followed by the other colloids. The thermal curve for the Rideau suggested a micaceous colloid lacking well-defined thermal curve characteristics. The Northern Ontario soil colloid had a high exchange capacity but lacked the major thermal characteristics of montmorillonite.

¹ Contribution from the Department of Soils, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Canada. Presented before Division II, Soil Science Society of America, Cincinnati, Ohio, November 20, 1952.

² Associate Professor and Lecturer respectively, Department of Soils.

Received for publication November 1, 1952.