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Ion Exchange Equilibria in the Presence of Small Amounts of Electrolyte¹

ABSTRACT

Studies were conducted to obtain quantitative information on cation distribution in clay-water systems in the presence of small amounts of electrolyte and to test the ability of mass action type exchange equations to predict the distributions of metal cations in these systems.

Small amounts of HCl (0.004 to 0.10 symmetry) were added to variously base saturated bentonite and halloysite suspensions. The distributions of cations were determined from an analysis of the supernatant liquid after equilibrium was obtained.

When HCl was added to Ca-K-clays, the exchange constant, k_K-Ca, as calculated by the "statistical" exchange equation, was not invarient. The value of k_K-Ca increased with increasing K-saturation and decreased with increasing Ca-saturation. Variations in k_K-Ca were somewhat smaller when the exchange acidity was assumed to be associated with exchangeable Al.

It was shown, nevertheless, that the "statistical" exchange equation may be used to estimate fairly satisfactorily the amounts of K⁺ and Ca⁺⁺ in solution when HCl is added to these clay systems.

¹ Contribution from the Department of Agronomy, North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. Published with the approval of the Director as Paper No. 456 of the journal series. Presented before Division II, Soil Science Society of America, Cincinnati, Ohio, Nov. 20, 1952. Portion of a thesis submitted by the senior author in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Ph.D. degree at North Carolina State College.

² Formerly Graduate Assistant, now Research Assistant Professor; and Associate Professor, respectively.

Received for publication January 9, 1953.