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A Clay Mineralogical Study of Certain Reddish Prairie Soils of Oklahoma, with an Estimation of the Montmorillonite and Illite Content¹

ABSTRACT

The clay fraction of the B and C horizons of a Dennis (from Pennsylvanian silty and clayey shale deposits) and two Kirkland soils (Permian Red Beds clayey deposits) were analyzed for the percentages of montmorillonite and illite.

In the analysis, the clay-size material of the soil was separated into three fractions. Ethylene glycol retention, non-exchangeable potassium, and cation exchange capacity determinations were made on each fraction. Percentages of montmorillonite and illite were computed.

The clay mineral contents of the Dennis and Kirkland soils were similar, with 35 to 50% montmorillonite and 20 to 25% illite in the B horizons and 40 to 50% montmorillonite and 20 to 35% illite in the C horizons.

The fractionation of the clay also permitted a study of the properties due to particle size distribution. Montmorillonite was found to be the predominant clay mineral in the <0.1 µ fractions and about equal with illite in the 0.6 to 0.1 µ fractions. Minerals other than montmorillonite and illite comprised a large portion of the 2.0 to 0.6 µ fractions.

¹ The material is taken from a thesis submitted by the senior author in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Science. Presented before joint meeting Div. II and Div. V, Soil Science Society of America, Dallas, Tex., Nov. 19, 1953.

² Former graduate student, Oklahoma A & M College, and Associate Professor of Agronomy, Oklahoma A & M College, respectively.

Received for publication December 7, 1953.