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Dynamics of Cation Exchange in Soil Columns¹

ABSTRACT

Equations for describing the process of ion exchange during passage of a salt solution through an exchanger column have been given by H. C. Thomas. N. K. Hiester, T. Vermeulen, and A. Opler have extended these equations and have provided graphic and numerical solutions.

In the present study, the equations have been applied to the problem of determining the distributions of dissolved and adsorbed cations in soil columns as functions of depth and volume of solution applied. Two cases were studied: (1) saturation of soil initially free of the saturating cation by a solution containing only this cation, and (2) equilibration of soil having two cationic species initially present uniformly with a mixed solution of the two cations. For exchange between ion pairs of both equal (Mg and Ca) and unequal (Na and Ca) valence, the experimental results agreed quite satisfactorily with those predicted by the equations.

¹ Contribution from the U. S. Salinity Laboratory, Soil and Water Conservation Research Branch, A.R.S., U.S.D.A., Riverside, Calif., in cooperation with the 17 Western States and the Territory of Hawaii.

² Soil Scientist, Physicist, and Chemist, respectively.

Received for publication September 3, 1955. Accepted for publication May 29, 1956.