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The Falling Water Table in Tile Drainage—A Laboratory Study¹

ABSTRACT

A sand-filled tank 6 by 10 by 2 feet is used to study the distribution of hydraulic head and quantity of tile outflow during drainage.

A null-type tensiometer for making rapid measurements of the hydraulic head is described.

The measurements of the transient phase of drainage known as the falling water table are compared to the theoretical development of Kirkham and Gaskell as well as Childs. The experiment demonstrates that the assumption used in the theoretical developments that the soil possesses a fixed drainage pore space leads to an incorrect solution. The shapes of the experimental water tables are similar to the theoretical shapes but the rate of fall is not accurately predicted by the theory.

¹ Contribution from the University of California College of Agriculture. Presented before Div. I, Soil Science Society of America, Nov. 15, 1956 at Cincinnati, Ohio. Received Feb. 20, 1957. Approved May 31, 1957. The help and suggestions of Dr. Paul R. Day, Department of Soils and Plant Nutrition, University of California, Berkeley, with regard to the instrumentation of the sand tank is acknowledged with grateful appreciation.

² Associate Professor and Principal Laboratory Technician, respectively, University of California, Davis.