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Replacement of Adsorbed Sodium in Soils by Hydrolysis of Calcium Carbonate¹

ABSTRACT

The reaction 2Na_adsorbed + CaCO₃ + H₂O Ca_adsorbed + 2Na⁺ + HCO₃^- + OH^- has been studied from the standpoint of describing the replacement of adsorbed Na in calcareous soils subjected to leaching by rainfall. It has been found for the reaction in soils that the equilibrium between solution and adsorbed Na at various water contents can be expressed by the Langmuir equation: Na_ad = (k₁k₂Na⁺)/(1 + k₁Na⁺) where k₁ and k₂ are constants, and Na_ad and Na⁺ are the adsorbed and solution concentrations of Na, respectively. As a consequence of this finding, it has been shown that the concentrations of solution and adsorbed Na at any depth in soil columns after a known amount of leaching with salt-free water can be satisfactorily predicted by simplified, approximate solutions of equations derived by Thomas, Hiester, and Vermeulen. The results should be especially useful where calcareous soils, which have been affected by sea water, are subsequently leached by rain-fall.

¹ Contribution from the U. S. Salinity Laboratory, Soil and Water Conservation Research Division, A.R.S., U.S.D.A., Riverside, California, in cooperation with the 17 Western States and the Territory of Hawaii. Presented before Div. II, Soil Science Society of America, Nov. 18, 1957 at Atlanta, Ga.

² Soil Scientist and Chemist, respectively.

Received for publication June 14, 1957. Accepted for publication August 6, 1957.