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Theory of Seepage into an Auger Hole Above an Impermeable Layer¹

ABSTRACT

The potential (hydraulic head) function, and from it the flow rate, is derived for ground water seeping into the sides and bottom of an auger hole extending a certain depth below the water table but not penetrating to an horizontal impermeable layer. The theory is exact and extends that given by Kirkham and van Bavel (Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 13: 75–82, 1949), where the problem of flow into the bottom of the hole did not arise. Using the formulas developed, two flow nets are computed, one for an empty auger hole and one for a half-full one. About 20% of the flow enters the bottom of the hole in each case. A table of coefficients is given for computing quantities associated with the flow. The theory is important in converting measured heights of rise of water in pumpedout auger holes to hydraulic conductivities and thus in determining the hydraulic conductivity of soil when a relatively impermeable layer exists below the bottom of the hole.

¹ Journal Paper No. J-3254, of the Iowa Agr. and Home Econ. Exp. Sta., Ames, Iowa, Project No. 998. Contribution of Agronomy Department. Modified form of a paper presented before Div. I, Soil Science Society of America, Davis, Calif. Aug. 17, 1955.

² Professor of Soils and Physics.

Received for publication September 21, 1957. Accepted for publication December 27, 1957.