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Aluminum in Soils: I. Extraction Methods and Magnitudes in Clays and Ohio Soils¹

ABSTRACT

Various procedures were used for extraction of Al from Ohio soils representing a wide range in extractable Al. One normal NH₄OAc at pH 4.8 was selected as an extracting solution because of its superiority over Ba(OAc)₂ and BaCl₂. One normal NH₄OAc plus 0.2 N BaCl₂ was no better than NH₄OAc alone. At this pH it extracts enough Al from most soils for accurate measurement with little possibility of damage to the clay crystal.

Eight Ohio soils were electrodialyzed and resaturated to various levels with K and/or Ca. Extractable Al was determined in these soils after equilibration. At the zero-base added level, the extracted Al ranged from 4.7 me. per 100 g. of soil in the Wooster to 19.8 in the Hoytville. Increased saturation with K and/or Ca decreased the amount of Al extracted. Somewhat more Al was obtained from K-soils than from Ca-soils even though the pH values of the former were higher. Comparable studies with illite, bentonite, kaolinite, Putnam subsoil clay, vermiculite, and chlorite were also made.

The importance of Al at the magnitudes found in the field and laboratory soils is discussed. The general failure of existing soil tests for lime requirement to adequately account for the Al in acid soils was considered. The possibility of Al interfering in various chemical and biological studies is mentioned.

¹ Published with the permission of the Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. Journal Article No. 79-58. Presented before Div. II, Soil Science Society of America, Nov. 18, 1957, at Atlanta, Ga.

² Assoc. Professor, Asst. Professor, Teaching Asst., and Professor, respectively, Ohio State University.

Received for publication February 3, 1958. Accepted for publication March 10, 1958.