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Spring Wheat Production and Soil and Water Conservation as Influenced by Methods of Summer Fallowing on a Chestnut Soil in Northeastern Montana¹

ABSTRACT

Five methods of summer fallowing commonly employed in the spring wheat producing area of Montana were evaluated in respect to their effects on grain yield and quality, and on soil and moisture conservation. This study was conducted under dryland conditions on a Chestnut soil during the period 1949 to 1956.

During seasons of normal or above-normal growing conditions, grain yields were not significantly influenced by the method of fallowing employed the previous summer. Under poor growing conditions, grain yields were generally highest on plowed fallow.

Protein content of the grain was slightly lower on stubble-mulch than on plowed fallow. Test weights of the grain were highest on stubble-mulch fallow. Other fallow methods were generally intermediate between plowed fallow and stubble-mulch fallow in respect to grain quality.

Soil-moisture content at seeding time was not affected by fallow method. Stubble mulching provided the best soil erosion control. Fall tillage could not be recommended from the data collected in this study.

¹ Contribution from Western Soil and Water Management Research Branch, ARS, USDA, in cooperation with the Montana Agr. Exp. Sta., Bozeman. Montana Agr. Exp. Sta. Paper No. 419. Presented before Div. VI, Soil Science Society of America, Atlanta. Ga., Nov. 22, 1957.

² Soil Scientist, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Sidney, Mont.; Superintendent, Huntley Branch Sta., Huntley, Mont.; and Superintendent, Eastern Montana Branch Sta., Sidney, Mont. respectively.

Received for publication February 1, 1958. Accepted for publication April 16, 1958.