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A Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Selected Brunizem, Reddish Prairie, Grumusol, and Planosol Soils Developed in Pre-Pleistocene Materials¹

ABSTRACT

A study was made of the role parent materials have played in determining the physical and chemical properties of four soil series of southeastern Kansas. The soils of this region are dominantly Brunizems; but Planosols, Grumusols, and Reddish Prairie soils also occur. These soils have developed in residuum and colluvium of sandstone, limestone, and shales. The soil series studied were the Taloka, Newtonia, Bates, and Summit—each sampled and studied in duplicate. The physical and chemical properties investigated were clay mineral composition, exchange capacity, total exchangeable cations, pH, percent organic matter, and particle size analysis.

Qualitative and semiquantitative estimations were made of the minerals occurring in the clay fractions of the soils and underlying parent materials. The predominant clay mineral in the Taloka, Newtonia, and Bates soils is montmorillonitic, whereas interstratified illitic and montmorillonitic clays are predominant in the Summit soils. Smaller amounts of quartz, illitic, kaolinitic, and vermiculite minerals are present in many of the clay fractions of the soils. The clay mineral contents of the developed soil profiles and their underlying parent materials were compared to determine the extent to which the clay minerals in the soil have been altered by weathering.

¹ Contribution No. 596, Department of Agronomy, Kansas Agr. Exp. Sta., Manhattan. Portion of a dissertation presented by the senior author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree. Presented before Div. V, Soil Science Society of America, Atlanta, Ga., Nov. 21, 1957.

² Graduate Research Assistant and Associate Agronomists, respectively.

Received for publication July 23, 1958. Accepted for publication February 27, 1959.