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Characterization and Genetic Study of a Dennis and a Parsons Soil¹

ABSTRACT

The Dennis series is comprised of deep, well-drained Prairie soils developed in slightly acid to neutral, silty, and clayey shales of the Pennsylvanian Age. Dennis develops in materials of intermediate texture on gently sloping, erosional uplands, whereas Parsons, a Prairie Planosol, develops in more clayey beds on gentle slopes and flats. They occur naturally associated and extensively in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri.

A modal profile of each series was sampled in detail. Morphological, chemical, physical, and clay mineralogical studies were made on each subhorizon. The clay was separated into two fractions: 2 to 0.1µ (coarse clay) and < 0.1µ (fine clay). Analyses were made for ethylene glycol retention, nonexchangeable K, cation exchange capacity, differential thermal, and X-ray diffraction. Computations were made for clay mineral composition.

Results show several times as much fine clay as coarse clay. In the Dennis the maximum clay accumulation occurs from 26 to 31 inches and in the Parsons from 22 to 28 inches. In the Dennis, coarse clay gradually decreases with horizonation and weathering, whereas in Parsons, it accumulates. Montmorillonitic-type minerals dominate the fine clays of both profiles while kaolinitic and illitic types are dominant in the coarse clays.

¹ The material is taken from a thesis submitted by the senior author in partial fulfillment for the M.S. degree. Presented before Div. V, Soil Science Society of America, Lafayette, Ind., Aug. 4, 1958.

² Former graduate student and Associate Professor of Agronomy, respectively, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.

Received for publication September 24, 1958. Accepted for publication February 25, 1959.