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Phosphorus Changes in Great Plains Soils as Influenced by Cropping and Manure Applications¹

ABSTRACT

Soil samples from 15 dryland experiment stations in the U. S. Great Plains and 21 farms in North Dakota were analyzed to determine the effect of cropping and manure on total, inorganic, organic, and NaHCO₃-soluble P content. In general, total P in the surface 6 inches of soil increased from south to north. Total P in soils from the experiment stations was reduced an average of 8% by cropping without manure, but was increased an average of 14% above virgin sod where manure had been applied.

Inorganic P was not influenced by cropping to a rotation without manure, but organic P was reduced an average of 35% as compared to virgin sod. Manure applied in the rotation increased inorganic P considerably, but had no effect on reducing the loss of organic P.

Cropping without manure increased NaHCO₃-soluble P in the soil at the majority of the stations, with the greatest increase occurring in the south. When manure was applied in the rotation, NaHCO₃-soluble P averaged nearly five times that of virgin sod.

A highly significant positive correlation existed between NaHCO₃-soluble P and total P of virgin soils from the southern stations, but a significant correlation did not exist for the northern stations.

¹ Contribution from the Soil and Water Conservation Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station cooperating. Presented before Div. IV, Soil Science Society of America, Nov. 18, 1959, at Cincinnati, Ohio.

² Soil Scientists, Western Soil and Water Management Research Branch, Soil and Water Conservation Research Division, ARS, USDA, Mandan, N. Dak. The authors are indebted to Dr. L. T. Alexander, Chief, Soil Survey Laboratory, Soil Conservation Service, Beltsville, Md., for conducting a survey of the soils of the experiment stations; to personnel at the experiment stations, for collection of the soil samples; to Dr. G. A. Johnsgard, formerly professor of soils. N. Dak. Agr. College, Fargo, for selecting the sites and collecting the soil samples from North Dakota farms, and to E. F. Miles (deceased) and M. G. Owens for assistance with certain of the chemical analyses.

Received for publication July 18, 1960. Accepted for publication September 30, 1960.