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Published in Soil Sci Soc Am J 26:389-393 (1962)
© 1962 Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Characteristics of Some Brown Grumusols of Arizona1

W. M. Johnson, J. G. Cady and M. S. James2

ABSTRACT

Extensive areas of well-drained brown Grumusols developed from weathered ultrabasic volcanic rocks exist in north-central and eastern Arizona. They are on nearly level to rolling topography under grass; precipitation ranges from < 10 to > 20 inches annually. They have clay profiles of nearly uniform brown color; moderately low organic matter content; very high base status; dominance of montmorillonite in the clay fractions; and evidence of much internal soil movement, namely: numerous slickensides, very gradual decrease of organic matter with depth, and diffuse or gradual and wavy horizon boundaries. Mineralogical studies indicate that in these soils the course of weathering of the rock and the nature of the weathering products are determined early and remain constant; montmorillonite is the dominant clay mineral in all horizons including the weathered material adjacent to the fresh rock. Comparisons are given with associated dark gray, poorly-drained Grumusols and with dark brown soils having textural B horizons that formed under timber-grass vegetation.

NOTES

1 Contribution from Soil Survey, Soil Conservation Service, USDA. Presented before Div. V, Soil Science Society of America, Nov. 19, 1959, at Cincinnati, Ohio.

2 Soil Scientists, Soil Conservation Service, USDA.

Received for publication October 9, 1961. Accepted for publication October 27, 1961.






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Copyright © 1962 by the Soil Science Society of America.