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Toxic Factors in Acid Soils: I. Characterization of Aluminum Toxicity in Cotton¹

ABSTRACT

Aluminum toxicity is one of the limiting factors in acid soils. Increased yields of cotton and uptake of P were obtained by liming a Bladen soil. The same results were obtained in Al-containing nutrient solutions by increasing the pH of the solution or by adding increasing amounts of P. In each case, Al was precipitated and cotton absorbed more P, Ca, and K concomitant with increased yields. A P/Al ratio > 2 was required in solution before root branching and top growth of cotton occurred. Less added P was required for growth where Al was added at pH 5.0 than at pH 4.0.

The most characteristic symptom of Al toxicity in cotton is P deficiency. An accumulation of Al compounds in or on the root is believed to be detrimental to both chemical and physical absorption processes by the cotton plant.

¹ Contribution from the U. S. Soils Laboratory and the U. S. Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, Soil and Water Conservation Research Division, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, Md.

² Soil Scientists, Beltsville, Md.

Received for publication September 19, 1962. Accepted for publication November 7, 1962.