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Land Use and Soil Type Effects on the Soil Moisture Regimen in Lysimeters and Small Watersheds¹

ABSTRACT

Agronomic practices had a pronounced effect on both the rate and amount of extraction of moisture as determined by studies on the soil moisture regimen in lysimeters and small watersheds. These effects influenced water storage opportunity in the soil profile with its possible influence on infiltration, surface runoff, and percolation. For a second-year meadow in 1960, evapotranspiration from a 72-inch profile amounted to 19.06 and 14.40 inches on improved and prevailing practice, respectively. For corn in 1961, the values on the same areas were 19.81 and 17.90 inches, respectively.

Soil type effects on the moisture regimes were more noticeable in extraction patterns with depth than in the overall water budget. Evapotranspiration from a 72-inch profile in meadow amounted to 19.06 and 19.37 inches on the Keene and Muskingum soils, respectively. The following year (1961) the values in corn were 19.81 and 18.57 on the same areas, respectively.

Both rates and amounts of moisture extraction from a woodland watershed were much greater during the summer and early fall than from pasture. The water needed to recharge the 0- to 72-inch profile to field capacity at the end of the growing season amounted to 6.49 and 5.16 inches on the woodland and pasture watersheds, respectively. Accretion during late fall and winter contributed to water storage so that moisture values on both areas approached equality by spring.

¹ Contribution from the Cornbelt Branch, Soil and Water Conservation Research Division, ARS, USDA, Coshocton, Ohio, in cooperation with the Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta., Wooster.

² Research Soil Scientist. Grateful acknowledgment is made of the assistance of R. E. Youker, D. B. Wall, and W. W. Bentz in the collection and tabulation of the basic data.

Received for publication August 27, 1962. Accepted for publication October 4, 1962.