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Effect of Anions on Amount of Sodium Adsorbed by Sodium-Saturated Utah Bentonite¹

ABSTRACT

Sodium-saturated Utah bentonite was equilibrated in various concentrations and kinds of sodium salt solutions to ascertain the effects of different anions in the system on the amount of sodium adsorbed by the clay. Effects of pH on the adsorption of sodium were also studied by equilibrating the clay in solutions having pH's of 7.2 and 10.5. The solutions were analyzed before and after equilibration to determine their changes in ion concentrations and pH. Soluble silicon was determined in both the equilibrate and the cation extraction solutions.

The clay proved sensitive to its anion environment. The amount of sodium adsorbed by the clay and the concentration of the soluble silicon in the equilibrate varied with the anion present. Increased concentration of anion generally increased the anion effect. After equilibration in solutions having an ionic strength of 1.0, the amount of sodium adsorbed was 66, 68, 76, 77, 94, and 115 me. per 100 g. of clay when the anions were bromide, iodide, chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide, respectively. A correlation existed between the final pH and the amount of sodium adsorbed; generally the amount adsorbed increased with pH. A correlation also was evident between the amount of soluble silicon and final pH.

¹ This report is based on a thesis submitted by the senior author as partial fulfillment of requirements for a PhD. degree at the Utah State University, Logan, and represents work done by him while on the staff in the Soils Department at the North Dakota State University, Fargo, and approved by the Director, Utah Agr. Exp. Sta. as Journal Paper No. 309.

² Assistant Agronomist, University of Idaho, Branch Experiment Station, Aberdeen, and Head Department of Agronomy, Utah State University, Logan, respectively.

Received for publication January 24, 1963. Accepted for publication May 31, 1963.