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Comparative Properties of Plant Lignins and Humic Materials of Soils. 1. Yields and Cation Exchange Properties of Plant Lignins Isolated by Different Techniques¹

ABSTRACT

Yields and cation-exchange capacities for Ca and Cu were determined for lignin samples isolated with 72% H₂SO₄, HCl-H₃PO₄ mixture, 5% aqueous NaOH, and 1,4-dioxane. Yields varied with extractant in the order: acid- > dioxane- > NaOH-extracted lignins. For equal time, a higher yield of dioxane pine lignin was obtained by fractional than by a one-step extraction. In most cases cation-exchange capacities varied with lignin source and with method of extraction as follows: (a) Straw lignins > wood lignins; (b) alkali- > dioxane- > acid-extracted lignins.

Lignins isolated by fractional extraction with dioxane showed the later fractions to have higher exchange capacities. Values for the one-step extracted isolates were intermediate with respect to the high and low values of the fractionally isolated samples. Lignin, like soil organic matter, had higher adsorptive capacity for Cu than for Ca, and the adsorptive capacity was pH dependent. All samples examined for the effect of pH on Cu adsorption showed the same relative change in adsorption for a given change in solution acidity.

¹ Contribution from the Department of Soils, University of Wisconsin, Madison 6, Wis. Published with the approval of the Director, Wis. Agr. Exp. Sta. This work was supported in part by a federal regional grant under Project NC-55. Presented before Div. III, Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Aug., 1962, at Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

² Research Assistant, Assistant Professor and Professor of Soils, respectively.

Received for publication February 15, 1963. Accepted for publication August 30, 1963.