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Extraction of Clay-Water Systems¹

ABSTRACT

Experimental data on suspensions of Na-montmorillonite in solutions of various NaCl concentrations quantitatively confirm existing theory which predicts a gradual decrease in the extract concentration during pressure extraction (salt exclusion). This decrease is preceded by a maximum in extract concentration when salt is retained in the suspension (salt sieving). The theoretical descriptions imply a constant salt-sieving factor. A coarser filter was found to be associated with stronger salt sieving. The extract from mixed Na-Ca suspensions in chloride solutions shows an increasing concentration of Na relative to Ca during protracted extraction. Practical implications of the results are discussed.

¹ Contribution from the U. S. Salinity Laboratory, Soil and Water Conservation Research Division, ARS, USDA, Riverside, Calif., in cooperation with the 17 Western states and Hawaii.

² Senior Soil Scientist, U. S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, Calif.

Received for publication October 25, 1963. Accepted for publication January 8, 1964.