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Chloride-36 Diffusion during Stable and Unstable Flow through Glass Beads¹

ABSTRACT

The effect of the properties of solution on the mixing occurring in porous material has been examined in glass beads using Cl³⁶. Matched NaCl solutions of 0.01, 0.1, and 4N concentration with either the displacing or displaced solutions identified by Cl³⁶ were displaced from a 30-cm. column. Displacements were made in the horizontal and vertical direction at two flow velocities. For solution density and viscosity differences of 0.0034 g. per ml. and 0.003 centipoise, respectively, between the displacing and displaced solution, unstable flow was clearly demonstrated. In the simple glass bead porous system, unstable flow may be of greater significance than the concentration dependent nature of the diffusion coefficient.

¹ Contribution from Department of Irrigation, University of California, Davis. Authors wish to acknowledge partial support of this investigation by the Water Resources Center, University of California. They are grateful to R. K. Jackson for developing specialized analytical techniques.

² Lecturer and Associate Professor, respectively.

Received for publication July 1, 1963. Accepted for publication June 25, 1964.