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Cation Exchange Reactions of Soil and Specimen Vermiculites¹

ABSTRACT

Magnesium-calcium and sodium-calcium ion-exchange isotherms and potassium-sorption properties were determined for two vermiculitic materials isolated from soils as well as for three specimen vermiculites and four montmorillonitic materials. The soil vermiculites differed considerably from the specimen vermiculites in their ion-exchange and K-sorption properties. The soil vermiculites did not demonstrate the strong preference for Mg over Ca, the tendency to form interstratified layers upon K-sorption, as marked a temperature dependence in their exchangeable sodium ratio—sodium absorption ratio (ESR-SAR) relations, or as great an affinity for Na as was observed for specimen vermiculites. Their behavior deviated considerably from the ESR-SAR relation commonly used as a reference for Na-Ca, Mg exchange in soils. Soil montmorillonites, on the other hand, reacted the same as specimen montmorillonites in the ion-exchange reactions studied and followed the usual ESR-SAR relation quite closely.

¹ Contribution from the US Salinity Laboratory, Soil and Water Conserv. Res. Div., ARS, USDA, Riverside, Calif.

² Research Soil Scientist, US Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, Calif.

Received for publication October 9, 1966. Accepted for publication December 15, 1966.