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Yield Response of Spring Wheat and Barley to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Relation to Soil and Climatic Factors¹

ABSTRACT

The relationship between yield response of spring wheat (Triticum (aestivum L.)sp.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to fertilizer N and various soil and climatic factors was determined in a total of 66 field experiments over a 3-year period using simple and multiple correlation and regression.

Measured variables included precipitation and air temperature from seeding to harvest; available soil moisture and NH₄-N plus NO₃-N at seeding to a depth of 152 cm; N extracted with alkaline permanganate and total N to 61 cm; organic matter to 30.5 cm; and NH₄-N plus NO₃-N accumulated during 2 weeks incubation at 35C from samples retained field moist, frozen, and air-dried before incubation, to 61 cm.

The factors that showed significant relationships with yield response to nitrogen fertilizer were (i) stored available soil moisture at seeding to 122 cm or a dry zone, (ii) stored NO₃-N to 61 cm at seeding, (iii) precipitation from seeding to 5 days before harvest and (iv) degree days above 21C from 5 to 60 days before harvest.

Using stored NO₃-N, stored available moisture, average growing-season precipitation and temperature, and a calculated value of 8.40 kg of fertilizer N/ha to produce a yield response of 1 quintal, predicted N fertilizer rates were within 11.2 kg/ha of actual amounts required in over 50% and within 22.4 kg in 89% of the experiments.

¹ Contribution from the Dep. of Soils, North Dakota Agr. Exp. Sta., Fargo. Published with permission of the Director. Presented before Div. S-4, Soil Sci. Soc. of Amer., St. Louis, Mo., Nov. 29, 1961.

² Formerly Soil Scientist (now Professor of Soil Science, Univ. of Nevada, Reno), formerly graduate assistant (now Assistant Professor of Vegetable Crops, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.), Associate Professor of Soils, and formerly graduate assistant (now Assistant Professor of Soils, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo), respectively. The authors are grateful to Dr. Foster B. Cady, Statistical Lab., Iowa State Univ., Ames, for assistance in statistical analyses.

Received for publication June 13, 1966. Accepted for publication January 4, 1967.