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Characterization of Differential Aluminum Tolerance among Varieties of Wheat and Barley¹

ABSTRACT

Aluminum-sensitive ‘Monon’ wheat (Triticum aestivum, spp vulgare (Vill. Host) Mac Key and ‘Kearney barley (Hordeum vulgare) (L. emend. Lam) varieties had higher root cation exchange capacities and induced lower pH levels in nutrient solutions than did Al-tolerant ‘Atlas 66’ wheat and ‘Dayton’ barley varieties. Sensitive varieties contained higher concentrations of Al (and usually P) in their roots and lower concentrations of Ca in their tops than tolerant varieties, when grown in solutions containing Al. Furthermore, roots of Al-sensitive varieties made less growth and contained higher concentrations of Al than those of tolerant varieties, even when the two were grown in the same container of vigorously aerated nutrient solution. This suggests either that zones of differential pH still exist around the roots of different varieties or that sensitive varieties absorb more Al at the same pH or both. Whether the lower Al tolerance of certain varieties is simply the result of greater accumulation of Al by roots, greater sensitivity to the same concentration of Al already absorbed, or both, cannot be determined from the present study. Differential Al tolerance of varieties was not closely related to differences in the Al or P contents of plant tops.

Key Words: Al toxicity • root cation exchange capacity • pH zones (roots) • Al accumulation by plant roots • Ca uptake and transport.

¹ Contribution from the US Soils Laboratory, Soil and Water Cons. Res. Div., ARS-USDA, Beltsville, Md.

² Soil Scientist, Chemist, former Soil Scientist, and Agronomist, respectively G. R. Burns is presently with the Sulfur Institute, Washington, D. C.

Received for publication December 16, 1966. Accepted for publication April 5, 1967.