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Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Soils in Loess Overlying Shale in Northwestern Illinois¹

ABSTRACT

Eleroy and Derinda soils (Typic Hapludalfs) and Keltner and Schapville soils (Typic Argiudolls) were studied. Weathering of silt-size minerals is not advanced in these relatively youthful soils. Iron is the most sensitive indicator of weathering, being particularly labile in the Hapludalf profiles. Iron weathers from silt-size minerals and is localized in concretions and in the clay fraction. Clay-mineral weathering involves formation of chloritized vermiculite and montmorillonite from illite and montmorillonite precursors. The stage of weathering of these soils approximates that in Clinton, Fayette (Hapludalfs), and Tama (Argiudoll) soils that occur along the Mississippi River. Soil test values for K and P and amounts of exchangeable K and total P are high. Productivity is related more to depth of underlying shale and attendant physical effects than to nutrient status.

¹ Contribution of the Dep. of Agron., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana. Published with approval of the Director of the Illinois Agr. Exp. Sta.

² Associate Professor and Professor of Soil Mineralogy (RLJ and AHB) and Assistant Professor and Professor of Pedology (BWR and JBF).

Received for publication March 27, 1967. Accepted for publication July 17, 1967.