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Water and Salt Transfer in Soil Resulting from Thermal Gradients¹

ABSTRACT

Rate equations developed from the theory of thermodynamics of irreversible processes were used to analyze water transfer induced by thermal gradients along a sealed cylindrical horizontal column of Pachappa soil. Functional relations to calculate values of coefficients in the flow equations were determined from experimental data which were obtained during steady-state flow conditions. The relations were used to compute values of coefficients in order to calculate flow rates past selected positions along the column at various times during transient flow periods. Suction head (h) values were maintained in a range that could be measured with tensiometers which were located at three positions along the column. Liquid water transfer toward the warm end was assumed to be due to an induced suction head gradient. This transfer was confirmed by sectioning the column at the end of the experiment and measuring the concentrations of Na⁺ and Cl^- and the EC of saturation extracts prepared from the sections.

¹ Contribution of the Department of Soils and Plant Nutrition, University of California, Riverside.

² Laboratory Technician, Professor of Soil Physics, and Associate Professor of Soil Physics, respectively.

Received for publication August 28, 1967. Accepted for publication October 19, 1967.