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Yield and Nutrient Removal by Corn (Zea mays L.) for Grain as Influenced by Fertilizer, Plant Population, and Hybrid¹

ABSTRACT

The fertilizer requirements of corn (Zea mays L.) on a fine sand with a constant water table depended on the season. In 1 year of 3, yields increased to the highest rate of N-P-K (664-196-556 kg/ha), however, on the average, requirements were half these quantities. For well-fertilized corn, the ear yield constituted one-half the weight of the above ground plant.

At the highest yield the N, P, and K concentrations in the ear were 1.5, 0.22, and 0.32%, respectively. The uptake in the fodder of N, P, and K averaged 0.0227, 0.0050, and 0.0185 kg, respectively, per kg of ear corn produced (approximately 1.58, 0.35, and 1.30 lb in the fodder per bushel of grain produced). Of this, 67, 51, and 20%, respectively, were in the ear.

Ear corn yields were not consistently affected by plant density (47,840, 68,890, and 95,680 plants/ha). Number of ears increased with stand, but ear weight and quality decreased.

Considerable seasonal variations were noted between hybrids. Windy conditions, during and immediately after tasselling, lodged tall varieties more than short varieties.

Although the amounts of P and K applied in the fertilizers were well in excess of those removed in the crop, relatively small amounts of these nutrients could be extracted from the soil by 1N NH₄OAc (pH 4.8).

¹ Contribution from Department of Soils, Florida Agricultural Experiment Station; Journal Series 2736.

² Soil Chemists and Soil Physicist, respectively, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32601.

Received for publication August 21, 1967. Accepted for publication October 6, 1967.