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Cation-Exchange Equilibrium Constants of Aluminum-Saturated Montmorillonite and Vermiculite Clays¹

ABSTRACT

Equilibrium constants of aluminum-saturated montmorillonite and vermiculite clay minerals were studied in chloride-salt solutions at concentrations similar to those occurring in soil. Studies were limited to cations occurring most abundantly in soil solutions, viz., H⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺. The order of relative replacing power in the lyotropic series was found to be: Colony Wyoming montmorillonite (90 meq/100g CEC) H < Na < Mg < Ca < K < Al; Otay California montmorillonite (125 meq/100g CEC) H < Na < Mg < Ca < Al < K; Jeffersite vermiculite (175 meq/100g CEC) Mg < Ca < H < Al < Na.

¹ This paper is based on part of a thesis accepted for the degree of Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley. The author wishes to thank Dr. I. Barshad for his assistance and helpful discussions in the preparation of the dissertation and Dr. P. J. Rennie for his assistance in preparing this manuscript.

² Research Scientist, Canada Department of Energy, Mines & Resources, Inst. of Sedimentary & Petroleum Geology, Calgary, Alberta.

Received for publication September 13, 1967. Accepted for publication January 10, 1968.