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Use of the Stanford-DeMent Bioassay to Study Atrazine-Soil Reactions¹

ABSTRACT

Quantitative detection of atrazine in soil was accomplished using a modified Stanford-DeMent type bioassay. The technique should be easily adaptable for analysis of other herbicides in soil. The uptake of atrazine by oat plants (Avena sativa, var. Swedish Victory) was directly proportional to the amount of atrazine applied to the soil and inversely proportional to the clay and soil organic matter content. Using ¹⁴C labeled atrazine it was found that only a very small amount of atrazine was removed from the soil by one oat crop. The bioassay was used to examine the adsorptive effects of certain model compounds which represented different fractions of soil organic matter. One percent activated charcoal in sand completely inactivated atrazine applied in the range 1.0 to 11.3 ppm. One percent lignin in sand was moderately effective in reducing atrazine phytotoxicity in oats. One percent cellulose in sand was relatively ineffective in adsorbing atrazine. The Stanford-DeMent type bioassay should be a useful tool for a study of chemical or microbial transformation of herbicides in soil.

¹ Journal Paper no. 1257, of the Arizona Agr. Exp. Sta. Tucson. This work was supported in part by grants from the Geigy Agricultural Chemicals Co. and U.S. Public Health Grant no. EF00619. Presented in part before Div. S-3, Soil Science Society of America, Nov. 1965, at Columbus, Ohio.

² Formerly Graduate Assistant in Research, Associate Professor and Graduate Associate in Research, respectively. Department of Agricultural Chemistry & Soils. The authors are now Research Associate, Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh; Associate Professor, College of Environmental Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin-Green Bay; and Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, respectively.

Received for publication August 7, 1967. Accepted for publication February 21, 1968.