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Determination of Organochlorine Insecticides in Soils and Waters¹

ABSTRACT

Pertinent references on the determination of organochloride insecticides in soil and water samples are reviewed. The particular methods are chosen because of their applicability to heterogeneous systems which often provide problems due to coextraction of indigenous components. The review is divided into three principal sections, i.e., extraction of organochlorine insecticides from soils and waters, cleanup of soil and water extracts, and analysis of purified soil and water extracts. Criteria used in evaluating extraction procedures were based on methods of equilibrating the insecticide with the soil sample and the control of possible insecticide losses through degradation and volatilization. In the section on cleanup procedures special attention is devoted to chromatographic methods, particularly column and thin-layer chromatography. A large portion of the methods of final analysis of purified extracts is given over to gas-liquid chromatographic techniques because of the preponderance of its use for insecticide determination. The gas-liquid chromatographic methods are discussed on the basis of peak resolution, detection and measurement of the insecticides, and confirmation of their identity. Thin-layer chromatographic, spectrophotometric, and other methods of determination of organochlorine insecticides in purified extracts are evaluated.

¹ Contribution from the Department of Soils, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Published with the approval of the Director, Wisconsin Agr. Exp. Sta. Supported in part by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture under Contract no. 12-14-100-8154 (41) and the U.S. Department of Interior, OWRR, Project no. B-016-WIS.

² Assistant Professor and Professor, respectively.

Received for publication December 13, 1967. Accepted for publication July 23, 1968.