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Effect of Chloride Salts on Ammonium Nitrogen Release in Two Hawaiian Soils¹

ABSTRACT

Akaka silty clay and Wahiawa silty clay were treated with the chloride salts of mono-, di-, and trivalent cations. Carbon dioxide production in salt-treated samples was slightly less than in the control. NH₄-N release was a direct function of salt concentration and length of incubation. Once the NH₄³ ions were formed from soil organic-inorganic complexes, the different cations had a second and larger effect on the exchange reaction which transferred the NH₄ ions from surface sites to the soil solution. The equilibrium state of the exchange reaction was largely dependent on the nature and concentration of cations in the soil solution, as well as on the length of incubation.

A consideration of the overall effect of cations on NH₄ release in the two soils led to the series, Al > Fe > Ca > Mg > K > Na, in order of decreasing NH₄ replacing power. However, the series was applicable only to a concentration of 0.1M. At higher concentrations, Al and Fe ions were believed to be complexed in the soil and were thereby inactivated. The added salts had little or no effect on NO₃-N content of the two soils.

¹ Published with the approval of the Director of the Hawaii Agr. Exp. Sta. as Journal Paper no. 1061. Presented before Div. S-3, Soil Science Society of America, Nov. 10–15, 1968, at New Orleans, La. This work was supported in part by the Western Regional Research Project no. W-85 and is a part of the senior author's Ph.D. dissertation, University of Hawaii.

² Assistant in Agronomy and Soil Science, formerly graduate student, and Associate Professor of Soil Science, respectively.

Received for publication December 26, 1968. Accepted for publication April 3, 1969.