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Prediction of Interlayer Swelling of Clays in Mixed-Salt Solutions¹

ABSTRACT

A comparison has been made of the relative interlayer swelling values predicted from two different ion-distribution models for mixed Na-, Ca-clays. When interlayer swelling predicted from a demixed-ion model is plotted as a function of exchangeable-sodium-percentage (ESP) at constant salt concentration, a series of straight lines having increasing slopes and decreasing ESP-axis intercepts with decreasing salt concentration is obtained. Similar plots involving a diffuse double-layer (mixed-ion) model produce a series of hyperbolas having concentration-dependent intercepts on the swelling, rather than the ESP, axis. Most of the limited data available from the literature on soil and clay swelling in mixed-salt solutions agree more closely with predictions from the demixed-ion model, though neither model is fit exactly. Implications and limitations of each swelling model are discussed.

¹ Contribution from the US Salinity Laboratory, Soil and Water Conservation Research Division, ARS, USDA, Riverside, Calif. in cooperation with the 17 Western States and Hawaii.

² Soil Scientist.

Received for publication April 14, 1969. Accepted for publication December 8, 1969.