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Comparison of Iron and Aluminum Hydroxy Interlayers in Montmorillonite and Vermiculite: I. Formation¹

ABSTRACT

Hydroxy-Al and -Fe interlayers were formed in montmorillonite and vermiculite by adding AlCl₃ or FeCl₃ and NaOH in amounts to give a wide range of pH. The resulting chloritic intergrades were examined aften 10 days, 6 months, and 1 year.

Aluminum-interlayered montmorillonite formed at pH 4.6 after 10 days showed the essential X-ray characteristics of chlorite. The best iron interlayers in montmorillonite prevented collapse upon K-saturation and heating but did not prevent expansion upon solvation. Aluminum-interlayered vermiculite showed partial collapse on K-saturation and heating.

Acid conditions favored interlayer formation with aluminum and iron in montmorillonite and with aluminum in vermiculite. Iron interlayers in vermiculite were favored by alkaline conditions.

Iron interlayers decreased with time. Aluminum interlayers formed in montmorillonite with acid conditions decreased sharply with time. Aluminum interlayers in vermiculite and those formed under alkaline conditions in montmorillonite, showed some tendency to increase with time.

¹ Technical paper no. 2561, Oregon State University and Agr. Exp. Sta., Corvallis. Paper presented before Div. S-2, Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Nov. 1963, at Denver, Colo., and Nov. 1965 at Columbus, O. This paper contains portions of the dissertations submitted by senior author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees.

² Formerly Graduate Research Assistant in Soils and Professor of Soils, respectively, Department of Soils, Oregon State University, Corvallis. The senior author is now Research Hydrologist, US Geological Survey, Water Resources Div., Arlington Towers, Arlington, Va. For reprints, write to the senior author at 12801 Point Pleasant Dr., Fairfax, Va. 22030.

Received for publication October 16, 1969. Accepted for publication November 10, 1969.