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Comparison of Methods for Identifying Crystalline Phosphates Produced by Interaction of Orthophosphate Fertilizers with Soils¹

ABSTRACT

For identifying crystalline phosphates formed in soils treated with Ca(H₂PO₄)₂·H₂O, NH₄H₂PO₄, and (NH₄)₂HPO₄, various methods investigated ranked as follows in decreasing order of sensitivity: optical examination of soil optical examination of glass-fiber filter paper inclusion > X-ray diffraction examination of glass-fiber filter paper inclusion > X-ray diffraction examination of soil. Ca₈H₂(PO₄)₆·5H₂O was identified in one soil but not in the paper inclusion. Differences were more frequent with calcite inclusions. Where there was a difference in phosphates identified between calcite inclusions and calcareous soil, the more acid phosphates seemed more stable in soil than on calcite inclusions, and the more basic phosphates seemed more stable on calcite inclusions than in soil.

¹ Journal paper no. J-6367 of the Iowa Agr. and Home Econ. Exp. Sta., Ames, Iowa. Project no. 1183.

² Former Graduate Assistant and Professor. The senior author is now a Queen Elizabeth Fellow, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia.

Received for publication April 6, 1970. Accepted for publication April 21, 1970.