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Published in Soil Sci Soc Am J 34:866-870 (1970)
© 1970 Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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The Diffusion of Copper, Manganese, and Zinc as Affected by Concentration, Clay Mineralogy, and Associated Anions1

J. H. Ellis, R. I. Barnhisel and R. E. Phillips2

ABSTRACT

The distributions of Cu2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ diffusing in thin oriented clay films of water-saturated montmorillonite, vermiculite, illite and kaolinite were obtained using a miniature probe attachment for an x-ray emission spectrometer. Diffusion coefficients were calculated from these experimental distributions. Only small differences in the diffusion coefficients of Cu2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ at comparable concentrations were found for a given clay. The range of diffusion coefficients for CuCl2 was 1.7 x 10-7 cm2 sec-1 at 0.01 meq/g of vermiculite clay to 52.1 x 10-7 cm2 sec-1 at 0.5 meq/g of kaolinite. The diffusion rates of copper, manganese, and zinc through the clay minerals were of the order: kaolinite > illite > montmorillonite >vermiculite. Some estimates of the diffusion coefficients in the liquid phase and in the adsorbed phase are given. The anions, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, and OAc- when diffusing with the cupric ion affected its diffusion rate. The order of diffusion coefficients at a concentration of 0.5 meq/g of montmorillonite clay were: CuCl2 > Cu(NO3)2 > CuSO4 > Cu(OAc)2; the respective diffusion coefficients were: 9.5, 8.3, 6.9, 2.7 x 10-7 cm2 sec-1.

NOTES

1 Contribution from the Dept. of Agronomy, Kentucky Agr. Exp. Sta., Lexington. This paper (no. 70-3-35) is published with the approval of the Director of the Kentucky Agr. Exp. Station.

2 Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor, respectively. Dept. of Agronomy, Univ. of Kentucky.

Received for publication April 20, 1970. Accepted for publication July 17, 1970.






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Copyright © 1970 by the Soil Science Society of America.