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Correlation between Available Soil Arsenic, Estimated by Six Methods, and Response of Corn (Zea mays L.)¹

ABSTRACT

The results of six methods of estimating available As on 28 different soils from eight states in the United States were correlated with the wet tissue weight of 4-week-old corn (Zea mays L.) grown on these soils. Linear correlation coefficients between plant weight and the log of the soil As concentration were determined by the following techniques (i) total As; (ii) summation of "Easily-Soluble-," Fe-, Al-, and Ca-arsenate fractions; (iii) summation of "Easily-Soluble-," Fe-, Al-, and Ca-arsenate fractions modified by their individual phytotoxicity; (iv) 0.05N HCl and 0.025N H₂SO₄ mixed-acid-extractable As; (v) 0.5N NaHCO₃-extractable As; and (vi) selection of the As extracted by 0.05N HCl and 0.025N H₂SO₄ or 0.5N NaHCO₃ methods, depending on soil pH. The last four techniques were equally effective in predicting plant response (r = 0.81 to 0.82) to soil arsenic. The mixed-acid or bicarbonate methods were preferred because they require less labor.

¹ Scientific Article no. A-1613 and Contribution no. 4338 of the Maryland Agr. Exp. Sta., Dept. of Agronomy. Work done in cooperation with USDA, ARS, CRD, Beltsville, Md. Part of senior author's PhD dissertation.

² Analytical Chemist and Research Chemist, respectively: Crops Research Div., ARS, USDA, Beltsville, Md. 20705.

³ Professor, Dept. of Agronomy, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Md.

Received for publication May 18, 1970. Accepted for publication September 15, 1970.