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Charge Location as a Factor in the Dehydration of 2:1 Clay Minerals¹

ABSTRACT

Water was removed from Cu(II)-saturated smectites by methanol when the isomorphic substitution was in the octahedral layer. However, Cu(II)-saturated tetrahedrally charged smectites and vermiculites were not completely dehydrated by this treatment. Similarly, when (CH₃)₄N⁺-smectites and vermiculites were degassed, only those clays octahedrally charged were dehydrated. Deuteration of (CH₃)₄N-montmorillonite and saponite showed the OD stretching frequency for D₂O bonded to the silica surface was at a higher frequency for montmorillonite than saponite, indicating a stronger deuterium bond to the surface oxygen for the latter clay. These results showed water was bonded with greater energy to tetrahedrally charged clays, possibly resulting from their more localized charge on the silicate surface.

¹ Published by permission of Michigan State Agr. Exp. Sta. as Journal Article no. 5074.

² Present address: Department of Soils & Plant Nutrition, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.

³ Professor of Soil Science, Michigan State University.

Received for publication April 24, 1970. Accepted for publication November 20, 1970.