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Ionic Concentrations and Activities in Soil Solutions¹

ABSTRACT

The chemical composition of displaced soil solutions is used to illustrate the procedure for correcting measured ionic concentrations to actual ionic concentrations and ionic activities. The procedure distributes soil-solution electrolytes at equilibrium among their various ionic species by using equations for ion-activity coefficients, ion-pair dissociation, weak-acid and weak-base dissociation, and hydrolysis. More than a score of related equations had to be solved simultaneously; thus, mathematical solution was effected through the method of successive approximation. Rapid correction of soil-solution analytical data to actual concentrations and activities of individual soil-solution ions was made possible by using computer program.

¹ Contribution from the Department of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn Univ., Auburn, Ala. 36830. Presented as part of a symposium "The Soil Solution" before joint meeting of Div. S-2. S-1, S-4, and S-9, Soil Science Society of America, Aug. 24, 1970, at Tucson, Ariz.

² Professor of Soil Science.

Received for publication November 23, 1970. Accepted for publication January 14, 1971.