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Determination of Solid-Air Surface Tension of Porous Media¹

ABSTRACT

The advancing wetting conditions of porous media by various kinds of pure liquids was considered theoretically based on Fowkes' dispersion theory and capillary rise equation. It was then hypothesized that the wettability and repellency under the advancing process can be characterized in terms of the advancing spreading coefficient, and could be predicted from the data of liquid surface tension and of solid-air surface tension of porous media. Experimental data within the contact angle wetting (0<_a<90°) in soil and sand samples with several organic liquids and water indicated reasonably good agreement to the theory. Based on this agreement new methods—surface tension and liquid drop—were proposed to determine the solid-air surface tension. These methods were found to be workable for appreciable range of water-repellent porous media.

¹ Contribution of the Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Reverside. Research supported by matching fund project B-072-CAL of the Office of Water Resources Research, US Department of the Interior as authorized under the Water Resources Act of 1964 and implemented by the University of California, Water Resources Center, as project W-206.

² Research Assistant and Professor of Soil Physics, respectively.

Received for publication March 5, 1971. Accepted for publication July 14, 1971.