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Influence of Nitrogen Source and Clay on Growth and Phenolic Polymer Production by Stachybotrys Species, Hendersonula toruloidea, and Aspergillus sydowi¹

ABSTRACT

Additions of montmorillonite (0.25–1.0%) and vermiculite and kaolinite (0.25%) to aerobic cultures of Hendersonula toruloidea, Stachybotrys spp., and Aspergillus sydowi, greatly accelerated growth, glucose utilization, CO₂ evolution, phenol synthesis and phenolic polymer formation. In some tests the clay increased total biomass formed, while in others the biomass of the checks eventually attained values of the cultures with clay. Montmorillonite was more effective than vermiculite or kaolinite. Nitrate-N was a poor N source for Stachybotrys spp., but was a relatively good source of N in the presence of montmorillonite. The presence of clays in the culture media exerted little effect on the N content, C content, exchange capacity, total acidity, phenols released upon Na-amalgam reduction, and decomposition rate in soil of the polymers formed. Phenolic polymers formed in cultures containing inorganic nitrogen contained about to the N of those produced in cultures with asparagine or peptone. The percentage of the N of the polymers released as alpha amino N upon 6N HCl hydrolysis was about 30–40% and was not influenced by the N content of the polymers.

¹ Joint contribution of the Dept. of Soil Science and Agr. Eng., Univ. of Calif., Riverside 92502; and Institut für Biochemie des Bodens der Forschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Braunschweig-Völkenrode, Germany.

² Graduate Student, and Professor of Soil Science, University of California; and Biochemist, Institut für Biochemie, respectively. The authors thank J. O. Ervin for laboratory assistance.

Received for publication March 9, 1971. Accepted for publication July 15, 1971.