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Exchange Adsorption of Trace Quantities of Cadmium in Soils Treated with Chlorides of Aluminum, Calcium and Sodium¹

ABSTRACT

The exchange adsorption of Cd has been studied in Cecil sandy loam (clay fraction 45% kaolinite and 25% vermiculite), Winsum clay loam (clay fraction 80% illite), and Yolo silt loam (clay fraction 47% montmorillonite and 22% mica). Experimental variables were the major cations Al³⁺, Ca²⁺, and Na⁺, salt (chloride) levels (from 5 to 50 meq/liter), and the initial concentration of CdCl₂ (from 22 to 170 µeq/liter). The exchange of Cd²⁺ in Al³⁺- and Ca²⁺-treated soils was normal in that the adsorption was greater in the presence of Ca²⁺ than of Al³⁺, and decreased with increasing concentration of AlCl₃ or CaCl₂. In the Na⁺-treated, alkalized soils, Cd²⁺ did not precipitate. The exchange was unusual because the adsorption of Cd²⁺ decreased as NaCl concentrations decreased. The same behavior was shown by ¹⁰⁹Cd²⁺. At NaCl concentrations decreasing below 30 meq/liter, the adsorption of Ca²⁺ by Na⁺-treated soils also decreased, as did the adsorption of Na⁺. The result was attributed to decreasing soil exchange capacity with decreasing NaCl concentration due to increased adsorption of products derived from alkaline corrosion of the soil matrix.

¹ Contribution from the US Soils Laboratory, Soil and Water Conservation Research Division, ARS, USDA.

² Soil Scientists (Chemistry), US Soils Laboratory, Beltsville, Md.

Received for publication November 29, 1971. Accepted for publication May 2, 1972.