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Local Soil-Landscape Relationships in Western Iowa: I. Distributions of Selected Chemical and Physical Properties¹

ABSTRACT

A single, open-system hillslope was studied in detail to determine the extent to which pedologic processes and geologic processes act both separately and jointly to produce modern characteristics of contiguous soils in the soil-landscape system. Sixteen soil cores were taken at equal spacings between the hillslope summit and the water way center. Each core was described and subdivided into nineteen 10-cm samples, which were then analyzed for percent carbonates, total phosphorus, free iron, and particle size distribution. The carbonate distribution demonstrates the geologic effects of landscape evoluation, which beveled calcareous, deoxidized loess, and left a thin leached sediment above the erosion surface. Both carbonate and free-iron distributions indicate the effects of the processes of dissolution of carbonates and iron, local translocation, and reprecipitation in nodules. The distribution of geometric mean particle size shows the geological effects of loess stratification during deposition and the exposure of these strata during landscape evolution. Total phosphorus and clay distributions illustrate the effect of pedological redistribution. They also illustrate the effect of pedological redistribution. They also illustrate the interaction between the pedological process of vertical redistribution and the geological process of surface modification by landscape evolution.

¹ Journal Paper No. J-7190 of the Iowa Agr. and Home Econ. Exp. Sta., Ames, Iowa. Project No. 1540.

² NDEA Fellow, Agronomy Dep., Iowa State Univ., now Asst. Professor, Ecosystems Analysis, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay; Professor, Agronomy Dep., Iowa State Univ., respectively.

Received for publication April 5, 1972. Accepted for publication November 20, 1972.