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Diurnal Soil-Water Evaporation: Chloride Movement and Accumulation Near the Soil Surface¹

ABSTRACT

The movement and accumulation of chloride at shallow depths (0 to 9 cm) in a bare soil following an irrigation were studied under field conditions. Chloride accumulation in the 0- to 0.5- and 0- to 1-cm depth increments followed a diurnal pattern but out-of-phase from the soil water content during the first few days after irrigation. The diurnal amplitude of chloride decreased with time as the soil progressively dried. At the 1- to 2-cm and deeper depths, diurnal cycling of the chloride content was not measurable, whereas cycling in the water content was evident. Most of the total chloride accumulation at the shallowest depth occurred in the early stages of drying. However, chloride movement was detected as low as 4% volumetric water content or approximately –1,000 bars soil water potential.

¹ Contribution from the Agricultural Research Service, USDA.

² Research Chemist, Research Physicist, and Research Soil Scientists, respectively, US Water Conservation Laboratory. 4331 East Broadway, Phoenix, Arizona 85040.

Received for publication December 19, 1972. Accepted for publication April 3, 1973.