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Two-Dimensional Displacement into or from Water-Filled Ditches¹

ABSTRACT

Piston-type displacement of solutes for steady-state saturated flow into or from water-filled ditches is analyzed mathematically and by a sand-tank model. The displacement front into the drains advances much faster near the drains than in the region midway between them. The presence of an impermeable sublayer accentuates this trend. The front bcomes nearly horizontal for a wider surface impermeable spoil bank or if water is ponded away from the drains. Such a spoil bank may be useful for reducing the amount of water required to leach salts or for minimizing the loss of water-applied fertilizers into drains. The displacement front for water moving from the ditches into a field (such as for salt intrusion from open ditches) advances in an ellipsoidal pattern. The analysis is also useful for predicting the displacement patterns for localized initial solute distributions. Experimental data obtained from a sand-tank model agree with the predicted fronts.

¹ Contribution of the Dep. of Soils, Water and Eng., The University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, and Arizona Agr. Exp. Sta. Journal no. 2331. Supported in part by The Arizona Mining Assoc.

² Post-Doctoral Research Associate and Associate Professor, respectively.

Received for publication December 18, 1973. Accepted for publication May 15, 1974.