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Bonding of Calcium and Potassium by Vermiculite and Kaolinite Clays as Affected by H-clay Addition¹

ABSTRACT

The < 2 µm fraction of Libby vermiculite and Peerless kaolinite was separated and H-saturated by resin treatment. The H-clay suspensions were immediately saturated with either Ca or K by addition of the respective hydroxides. Six reciprocal Ca-K saturations of each clay were prepared by mixing the Ca- and K-clays in appropriate amounts. Increments of H-clay were added to lower the base saturation and thereby inactivate the pH-dependent charges. Radioisotopes, ⁴⁵Ca and ⁸⁶Rb, were used as tracers for Ca and K, respectively. Two-phase Donnan-type systems were prepared and equilibrated for 23 days. Radioactivity in both phases was then assayed and the amounts of Ca and K retained in the suspension phases of the two clay systems computed.

The pH-dependent fraction of the total CEC was 6.9 and 18.0% for vermiculite and kaolinite, respectively. Additions of H-clay increased the bonding of both Ca and K as indicated by greater clay-phase retention. However, maximum retention of the cations at all Ca-K saturation ratios did not occur when the amounts of H-clay added equaled the pH-dependent charge fraction of the clay as had occurred with bentonite and illite.

¹ Published with the permission of the Director of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center as Journal Article no. 123-73. Data in this paper are from the Ph.D. dissertation by the senior author, The Ohio State University, Dec. 1972.

² Former Research Associate and Professor, respectively, Dep. of Agronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.

Received for publication May 24, 1974. Accepted for publication September 9, 1974.