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Spatial Variability in Soils below Depth of Tillage: Bulk Density and Fifteen Atmosphere Percentage¹

ABSTRACT

Soil bulk density (D_b) and the 15-atm percentage (FAP) were measured for three soils—Maddock sandy loam (Site 1), Bearden silty clay (Site 2), both of glacio-lacustrine origin, and Heimdal silt loam (Site 3) of glacial origin. D_b and FAP were measured in approximately 30-cm increments from a depth of 30 to 152 cm. In addition, D_b and FAP were measured in the 15- to 30-cm increment at Sites 2 and 3. A total of 192, 144, and 72 observations/increment for D_b and FAP were made at Sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

D_b was greatest at Site I and had the greatest coefficient of variation (C.V.), being about 9%. The C.V. for D_b for Bearden sic and Heimdal sil were approximately 6%. Mean values of FAP were approximately 4, 19, and 7% with C.V.'s of approximately 45, 14, and 19% found for Sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

A sample calculation is presented which shows the number of D_b and FAP measurements necessary to determine the unavailable water capacity within arbitrarily specified limits.

¹ Contribution from the Department of Soils, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58102, Journal Paper 546.

² Associate Professor and Professor of Soils, respectively. The senior author is presently with the Dept. of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607.

Received for publication April 22, 1974. Accepted for publication November 27, 1974.

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