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Infrared Study of the Sorption of Phenol and p-Nitrophenol by Montmorillonite¹

ABSTRACT

The sorption of phenol and p-nitrophenol by montmorillonite saturated with different cations was studied by IR and X-ray spectroscopy. Various associations between interlayer cations, water, and phenols were proven. Depending on the nature of the cation, phenol can act either as a proton donor or acceptor. The electrophylic NO₂ substituent of the ring increases the acidic strength of the phenol group: therefore, p-nitrophenol tends to behave mainly as a proton donor. The nitro-group acts as an electron donor and, depending on the hydration status of the clay, either accepts protons from water coordinated to cations, or directly coordinates to the metallic cations.

¹ Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan. (1974 series, no. 217-E), and the Dept. of Geology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. This research was financed in part by a grant made by the US Dept. of Agriculture, under Public Law 480.

² Scientist, Institute of Soils and Water, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.

³ Senior Lecturer of Geochemistry, Dept. of Geology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.

Received for publication October 11, 1974. Accepted for publication February 3, 1975.