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Published in Soil Sci Soc Am J 39:997-1001 (1975)
© 1975 Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Hydrothermal Soils of the Crater of Mt. Baker, Washington1

J. G. Bockheim and T. M. Ballard2

ABSTRACT

Soils and rocks were sampled near active steam vents in the crater of Mt. Baker, in order to determine the soil chemical and mineralogical properties associated with hydrothermal and solfataric alteration. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the formation of kaolinite, montmorillonite, analcime, gibbsite, and some other minerals in these materials. The soils range from very gravelly sand to gravelly loamy sand in texture, and are extremely acid (pH 1.2–2.8). These soils have low cation exchange capacity (2.7–5.8 meq/100 g), high to very high electrical conductivity (1.3 to 11.2 mmho/cm), and small amounts of free Fe, Al, and Si. Dominant water soluble ions are HSO4- and SO42-, Fe2+, Al3+, H+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. Altered andesite rock and soil are depleted in Al2O3, CaO, and MgO, and locally enriched in Fe2O3.

NOTES

1 Contribution from the Dept. of Soil Science, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1W5. Supported by National Research Council of Canada Grant A-6099. Presented, in part, in the Symposium on Taxonomic Properties of Volcanic Soils, Div. S-9 and S-5, Am. Soc. of Agron. meeting, Las Vegas, 1973.

2 Presently Assistant Professor, Dept. of Soil Science, Univ. of Wisconsin, and Associate Professor, Dept. of Soil Science, Univ. of British Columbia, respectively.

Received for publication March 3, 1975. Accepted for publication June 12, 1975.






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Copyright © 1975 by the Soil Science Society of America.